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Unlocking Interoperability: A Guide to Foreign Data Wrappers in PostgreSQL and Aurora PostgreSQL AWS RDS

Unlocking Interoperability: A Guide to Foreign Data Wrappers in PostgreSQL and Aurora PostgreSQL AWS RDS As a database professional, I often encounter scenarios where data is fragmented across various systems. In today's distributed IT landscape, it's not uncommon for critical business information to reside in different databases, perhaps an on-premise PostgreSQL instance for legacy applications, […]

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2025-07-21

115 reads

SQLServerCentral Article

When INCLUDE Columns Quietly Inflate Your Transaction Logs

In this article, I wanted to test a common assumption we DBAs make – that adding INCLUDE columns to indexes is harmless. I created a FULL recovery test database with a realistic wide Orders table containing extra large VARCHAR columns to simulate an ERP workload. I ran updates and measured transaction log backup sizes before and after adding INCLUDE columns to a nonclustered index. The results shocked me. The update without INCLUDE columns generated a 10 MB log backup, while the same update with INCLUDE columns produced over 170 MB – a 17x increase in log volume. I explain why this happens: INCLUDE columns are physically stored in index leaf rows, so updates affecting them write bigger log records. I also clarify that updating key columns generates even more log than INCLUDE updates because it involves row movement (delete + insert), but INCLUDE updates still cost more log than if those columns weren’t indexed at all. The takeaway is clear – INCLUDE columns are powerful, but they silently increase transaction log generation, impacting backup sizes, replication lag, and DR readiness. Always measure their real cost before deploying to production.

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2025-07-18

727 reads

SQLServerCentral Article

Getting In: Running External Code in a Locked-Down PaaS

In Part 1, I explored how to bend SQL Server Agent to our will and peek under the hood of Azure SQL Managed Instance (SQL MI), gaining full OS access to the container (all without relying on xp_cmdshell). But once I realized what kind of door I'd opened, curiosity pushed us further, tempting us to […]

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2025-07-17 (first published: )

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SQLServerCentral Article

Cassandra Springboot Integration With Redis

Article Overview In this article we will learn how to integrate a Spring boot application with Apache Cassandra database and Redis cache. This is an extension to one of our previous articles which demonstrates the steps to set up Apache Cassandra and how to integrate is with Springboot, link shared below. https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/cassandra-springboot-integration In this tutorial […]

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2025-07-14 (first published: )

67 reads

SQLServerCentral Article

Revolutionizing Efficiency: The Power of Custom Automation Software Development

With the ever-increasing pace of the digital era, companies are continuously looking for opportunities to enhance efficiency, cut costs, and optimize operations. The most viable way to accomplish these is through Custom Automation Software Development.

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2025-07-11

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What is the Cloud?

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Changing the Schema

By Steve Jones - SSC Editor

Comments posted to this topic are about the item Changing the Schema

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Question of the Day

Changing the Schema

I set up a few users on my SQL Server 2022 instance.

CREATE LOGIN User1 WITH PASSWORD = 'Demo12#1'
CREATE USER User1 FOR LOGIN User1
GO
CREATE LOGIN User2 WITH PASSWORD = 'Demo12#2'
CREATE USER User2 FOR LOGIN User2
GO
CREATE LOGIN User3 WITH PASSWORD = 'Demo12#3'
CREATE USER User3 FOR LOGIN User3
GO
I then created a schema that one of them owned. Under this schema, I added a table with some data.
CREATE SCHEMA MySchema AUTHORIZATION User1
GO
CREATE TABLE Myschema.MyTable(myid INT)
GO
INSERT MySchema.MyTable
(
    myid
)
VALUES
(1), (2), (3)
GO
SELECT * FROM MySchema.MyTable
GO
I granted rights and verified that User2 could access this table.
GRANT SELECT ON Myschema.MyTable TO User2
GO
SETUSER 'USER2'
GO
SELECT * FROM MySchema.MyTable
GO
This worked. Now, I move this schema to a new user.
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::Myschema TO User3;
GO
What happens with this code?
SETUSER 'USER2'
GO
SELECT * FROM MySchema.MyTable
GO

See possible answers