In my opinion this is a very bad script.
- Scalar functions (as those) are very slow
- creating a table variable (since you can't use #temp-tables inside a function)...

The whole, valid command would be (plus maybe some with-options)
RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK='\\SERVER1\Backup\my_big_db\FULL\SERVER1_my_big_db_FULL_20180803_210600.bak'

Sorry, but checking the disk space does not make any sense, since I do...

Question: why does Windows want / need more free space for itself on systems with more RAM than on systems with lesser?

The "core" of Windows should need...

I see, what you mean - when developer A works on a procedure for 4 days and developer B makes a small change (e.g. a new column or fixing a...

An important point, when working with own migration scripts, is defensive scripting. Do not just create a table, but check, if the table already exists before. The same with columns...

I used to comment every line of code, when I wrote scripts for the game Heroes of Migth and Magic 3 (WoG), but mostly, because it had a very "uncommon"...

it depends :-), but both queries could return different results when are used with real tables.

Your  first query (with UNION ALL) could return duplicates, when you have the...

Nice question, but when you use country specific date / time conversion, you should always add a SET language = 'englisch' to the query.

On my German SQL Server...

You are right about the missing OVER() in the third query - sorry, my fault,

On the other side the execution plans for query one and two are not...

This is a little inconsistency, since you can't set CONTEXT_INFO to NULL.
DECLARE @ci VARBINARY(128) = CONTEXT_INFO();
--<do some stuff as temporary setting CONTEXT_INFO to something else>
SET...

I'd guess that there are a lot of small and big shops out there, which uses bcp and sqlcmd regulary (e.g. bcp for simple import / export tasks where SSIS...

Another problem: JSON could be stored in a (N)VARCHAR(MAX) field which could not be added to an index (only included, but this would only allow full index scans, even if...

What happens, if you call the procedure again with an ID which has only one entry (so that the granted memory is now much to high)? Will it lower the...

I'm confused - the MS page you linked in your answer says in its head:
THIS TOPIC APPLIES TO: SQL Server (starting with 2016)

So...

Heterogenity may sound nice, but if I have x different systems, it multiplies the number of vulnerabilities too. And of course I would need staff, which knows this systems very...