Could you provide the definitions for the tables that you reference?  Is there an integer identity primary key on id in the student table?

Here's a tvf named 'left_chars' that attempts to generalize all of the requirements.  Sorry I'm learning about APPLY (new hammer) so everything looks like a nail.  The function should work...

If the dollar values are randomly distributed across rows then any sample (of sufficient size, about 35 for reasonable precision and confidence) should have an average $/cust that's close to...

It would be similar to what was posted except using your calendar table instead of the daterange function.  Eomonth can't be used either because it's Sql 2016+.

Something like this:

            
October 8, 2019 at 2:28 pm
            
#3687010

            
            
                                                
        

Yea yea, I know or I noticed after I posted that.  Instead of eomonth() you could use:

dateadd(day,-1,dateadd(month,1,@test_month))

Then you could use a tally table and dateadd function.  Or...

This is an application for Jonathan's daterange function.  Here is his article:

https://www.sqlservercentral.com/scripts/a-daterange-table-valued-function

Something like this:

declare
   @input_yearint=2019,
   @input_monthint=9;
declare
  @test_monthdate=datefromparts(@input_year,@input_month,1);

 select
   count(*) days_in_month_excluding_wkends
...

I'm thinking of check where the status is that of 12 as in the example for a month period, this is done via a mechanism of a table that...

The top(1) protects from row expansion due to the inequality on date.  That was the part I wasn't getting.

 

If I'm understanding correctly there's a table with many status columns per userid.  When any of the statuses change a new record is inserted which duplicates the unchanged statuses.  Fyi,...

dotPeek could decompile the dll's if you'd like to see the source code.  It's free and there's no registration or email required to download and install it.

https://www.jetbrains.com/decompiler/download/

I agree with James one transaction would likely be a good idea.  To see how the trancount changes with successive trans/commits:

drop proc if exists temp_proc;
go
create proc temp_proc
as
begin
drop...

Something going on with your quotes.  The url should be in single quotes. There should be a quote before POST also.

Merge statements are good for "make these rows look like those rows" situations.  There are plenty of other uses too.  Unlike UPDATE, DELETE, etc. MERGE is not a single atomic...

You say you're looking for a "better solution" so could you please provide the current solution?  Can't say if something is better if we can't see what it's being compared...

Jonathan's is the most correct. Mine only mimics your demo output and it's 2012+.