Blog Post

How Do I Identify Invalid or Unneeded Logins?

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Introduction

I was looking at one of my servers and was caught off-guard by how many individual users had been granted rights. To make it worse I recognized a few user names as former coworkers. Clearly time for some house cleaning, now time to find a script.

The Process

I went looking in my script library for anything that might help me do this analysis faster and found a good start, a script to validate user logins. Well more like a note really, based on a conversation between Thomas LaRock (Blog|Twitter) and Tim Ford (Blog|Twitter) on Twitter about a stored procedure called sp_validatelogins that makes sure a windows login on your SQL instance matches a valid login on your domain. Thomas LaRock does a great job of documenting it here.

Next I needed to figure out what users should have been in groups. My first answer is all of them, but being realistic I decided I would identify all users that have access to the server by both individual login and group then see if the group already has the same rights the user needs or if it could / should. It turns out this was easy, a cursor of windows users with a call to xp_logininfo to check for group membership will tell me exactly what to look at, including the groups and the command to get them because I often end up pasting that into an IM.

As I started working through test data I began to notice users in databases that no longer exist on the server. Again, this one was pretty easy. A query against sys.server_principals with a right outer join to sys.database_principals quickly shows all users that exist in a database that do not have logins on the server. Adding a select to a temp table and wrapping it all in sp_MSforeachdb put it all together into a nice recordset that I could then work off of.

The Script

Here is the script I ended up with, run it in text mode rather than grid for better results. I would advise against trying to automate this any further or even taking any actions without carefully researching the impact of each change before making it. Messing with security is a quick way to get a lot of attention.

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SET NOCOUNT ON

CREATE TABLE #invalid_logins
(
[sid] varbinary(85),
[name] sysname
)

CREATE TABLE #Logins
(

account_name sysname NULL,

type char(8) NULL,

privilege char(9) NULL,

mapped_login_name sysname NULL,

permission_path sysname NULL
)

INSERT #invalid_logins
EXEC sp_validatelogins

DECLARE @name sysname

DECLARE csr CURSOR FAST_FORWARD READ_ONLY FOR
SELECT sl.name
FROM sys.syslogins sl
LEFT OUTER JOIN #invalid_logins il
ON sl.name = il.name
WHERE sl.isntname = 1
AND sl.isntgroup = 0
AND il.name IS NULL

OPEN csr

FETCH NEXT FROM csr INTO @name

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1
BEGIN
INSERT #Logins
EXEC xp_logininfo @acctname=@name, @option='all'
FETCH NEXT FROM csr INTO @name
END

CLOSE csr
DEALLOCATE csr

PRINT 'The following logins are no longer valid and should be removed from this server:'
SELECT name
FROM #invalid_logins

PRINT 'The following logins have access by login and by group and might not need access by login:'
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_of_groups,

account_name,
REPLACE(RTRIM(( SELECT permission_path + ' '
FROM #Logins
WHERE account_name = l.account_name
FOR XML PATH('')
)), ' ', ', ') AS group_names,
'EXEC xp_logininfo @acctname=' + QUOTENAME(account_name) + ', @option=''all''' AS command_to_see_groups
FROM #Logins l
GROUP BY account_name,
[type]
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
ORDER BY num_of_groups DESC

DROP TABLE #invalid_logins
DROP TABLE #Logins

PRINT 'The following result set shows users that were deleted from the server but not the individual databases'
CREATE TABLE #databases_with_orphan_users
(

db_with_orphan_login sysname,

orphan_login sysname,

permissions_count int
)

EXEC sp_MSforeachdb 'USE ?

INSERT #databases_with_orphan_users

SELECT ''?'' AS db_with_orphan_login,

dp.name,

(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.database_permissions WHERE grantee_principal_id = sp.principal_id) AS permissions_count

FROM sys.server_principals sp

RIGHT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals dp

ON sp.sid = dp.sid

WHERE sp.sid IS NULL

AND dp.type NOT IN (''R'')

AND dp.name NOT IN (''guest'', ''sys'', ''INFORMATION_SCHEMA'')

AND dp.type_desc NOT IN (''APPLICATION_ROLE'')'

SELECT db_with_orphan_login,

orphan_login,

permissions_count
FROM #databases_with_orphan_users

DROP TABLE #databases_with_orphan_users

Conclusion

I hope you find this script helpful. I have a feeling this script will be one of my favorites because it takes a lot of tedious analysis and boils it down to a quick hit list. Please let me know if you run into any issues with it. As always scripts from the internet are like Halloween candy, inspect before consumption. I offer no warranty beyond a sympathetic ear if you should run into any issues.

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