This sounds like an interview or homework question. If you are looking for details, why not use SSMS to get your replication details for the server?

In terms of...

I just have SQLPS.exe (and config)

SQLtoolsps or just SQLPS?

I was thinking context. Allowclobber should reinstall for all users, which hopefully sets pathing and other items for you.

No need to apologize. I know how busy life can get.

I hate code coverage. I don't like it as a metric, other than a rough guess of are we doing testing. If we have 5% today, then when we add...

I did see one report. Try restarting with -x in the service.

MS Licensing is a pain and not much more helpful many times, so I understand why people are hesitant. From reading the guide on VMs (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-2017-pricing), here's my...

You have a little more insight into hardware on premises, but the principles are really the same. Good design, good code, index well.

No. Everything it really workload dependent. Early on I'd build a 2x4 (2 cores, 4GB) for a new SQL VM, and then add resources if needed. These days I'd likely...

I usually open the firewall for 1433 on VMs/other machines. I do this with

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="SQL Server" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=1433

Make sure...

This isn't really a good question as listed. Is this the query you want or do you want to further filter results by caller?

Ultimately you should produce a...

It would be good to see more information, even mocked up.

Is amount used in other queries, or in WHERE/HAVING/ON clauses? If so, then adding it to the index...

What's the final code being run in SSMS? Can you show that?