Embedded "magical" values are a terrible idea.  It violates 1st normal form, because you're trying to store two different pieces of info in one column.  That inevitably leads to query...

There are some native-to-SQL options.  Third-party apps don't really gain you that much for this.

The most common and probably the easiest to implement are triggers.  You would have...

Get the difference in MINUTEs and then compute all the needed values from that value.

SQL doesn't provide that info by default.  You would need your own code already in place to provide that info.

SELECT CAST(col1 AS varchar(30)) + CAST(col2 AS varchar(30)) + CONVERT(varchar(19), DateTransfer, 120)

No. Here are a few thoughts on that,...

I'll do some checks for admin classes for you also.  But go ahead and get the book first.  You'll get more out of a good class that way, as you'll...

You don't need a PK per se, but you should definitely create a clustered index headed by DateInsertTime.  I think in this case you'll also need an IDENTITY column to...

I've taken a preliminary look.  Impressive table size, 3+TB!  I'll definitely have some suggestions for possible mods to indexes.  I don't know if you be able to / want to...