If all you want is the previous value, then why not just use LAG()?  For the first value in the PARTITION BY clause, it will be NULL. For all others,...

Did you rebuild the indexes after the shrink? That would do it.

Why not just add a sort of phony column for each of the two sets. For the book income, set the value = 1 and for the other set the...

Why would you want to avoid EXISTS? That's a really odd requirement. Is this a homework assignment?
The great thing about EXISTS is it reads until it finds a disqualifying...

Oh, come on. What database is this coming from???
It looks like it's one of the Microsoft ones, but which one? Is it the 2014 version of AdventureWorks?

Without...

Sorry, my psychic powers are off for the weekend. What database are you using? It sounds like a sample MSFT database, but since you don't specify, I'm not sure.
Where/how...

Views don't accept parameters, but stored procedures do.
Jeff Moden has some articles on doing crosstabs in T-SQL... You can use PIVOT too.
Here's an article...

What have you tried so far? People here will help you if you make an honest effort.
Pretty good job posting data... but CREATE TABLE and INSERT scripts will get...

Is this a SQL Server question or an Oracle question?

Wow, that's a huge question. I can take a small part of it - the normalization part, and maybe only part of that. One thing normalization does is make your...

I think Thom's advice still stands. The only differences would be minor. You essentially want to cross join the two sets (People, Calendar).

SELECT p.PersonID, c.CalendarDate
FROM...

One day I swear I'm going to learn how to read. Apparently it hasn't happened yet.

If you're always "pointing at" or comparing to a date a fixed "distance"...

Is this a SQL Server question or an Access question? Using parameters in SQL Server, in my opinion, is MUCH clearer. 
Given the syntax and the absolutely screwy way Access...