If you only have two dates per month, something like the following should work:
SELECT T1.[Date]
,T1.Value - T2.Value AS Value
FROM YourTable T1
JOIN YourTable T2
ON T2.[Date] < T1.[Date]
AND YEAR(T1.[Date]) = YEAR(T2.[Date])
AND MONTH(T1.[Date]) = MONTH(T2.[Date])