Nope, logical names in the backup are what's in the db. Perhaps you have the wrong file?

The main problem I see is that you different numbers of columns in each query. You need the same number of items in the select list

select ...

RIP, Tom Roush : https://twitter.com/GEEQL/status/958432639286784000

You're not really explaining the issue you are having. I get that you want a sort order among the queries, but what don't you understand or what doesn't work?

This requires data movement. No way to restore and make smaller files. You could combine disks into a volume, essentially a RAID 0 approach, which is fine if this is...

Diffs more often mean less logs to restore. However, the diff does grow, as Grant mentioned, and it's rare you'll restore. I would tend to say that you're trading off...

That is a security error. My guess is something had issues when you restored.

That script doesn't restore, so I'm not sure what you did there. That gets...

Not that I think this is a good idea, but once you have the db, or db files, you would use a PoSh command to execute dbcc shrinkdatabase or dbccshrinkfile.

As Jeff noted, it could be because of hardware or poor code. If you benchmark the disk, is it slower than others?

Are there certain days/times/functions that cause...

If you want to see if it's being used, you'd need an Extended Events session to monitor for it. This would only show you when it's used, but not if...

No, Please don't ask if there's some other method. There isn't.

If you have a dacpac of the previous state of the db, you can use sqlpackage.exe to apply...

I assume you mean that you want to UNION these two queries. The columns need to be the same number and data types must be compatible: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/set-operators-union-transact-sql