FFS, how about some real tables? Since you didn't provide consumable data, here's my best guess.  

SELECT CM.cust_no
  , loc_No
FROM Cust_Master CM
WHERE...

With a tally table, this is pretty easy:

DECLARE @max-2 INT;
SELECT @max-2 = MAX(Quantity) FROM #Test;

SELECT ID
    , ProductCode
    , Quantity
FROM #Test te

DelimitedSplit8K would work, if you want that returned as a table (so each day of the week would be a record)...

That's what I was gonna say... If I had the option, I'd do this in SSRS.. .Could do this in about 20 seconds.

Are you doing your analysis is Excel or PowerBI? (You can use DAX for that... I'd check on Ferrari & Russo's website(s) for answers on DAX... I know there's one...

Oh fun... I think you have to use Availability Groups... Mirroring is deprecated.
Here's an introductory article to it.

Oh, like mirroring. (That's what mirroring does - executes the transaction log against more than one database .. where the second is a copy of the first.).  The second copy...

Triggers are written against tables, not stored procedures.
What's your ultimate goal? When DB1 is updated, do something in the other database? (add records, update?)
You could do both in...

I just installed that add-in as if it were a 2016 Add-In.  Seems to have worked. I expected it to faceplant, but it didn't. =)

This depends on whether each Person has his own Goal value or everyone has one combined Goal value. If they all have a single goal, say "1000 units", you could...

Maybe you're leaving something out, because your question doesn't make sense. 100% of WHAT? Do they all contribute to some grand total or something? Adding percentages makes sense if it's...

CREATE TABLE & INSERT scripts?

Feel free to explain more. I'm not sure I know how to determine what is approved.
Please read this and post again: http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Best+Practices/61537/

You need Jeff Moden's DelimitedSplit8K function for this...

DECLARE @MyString VARCHAR(200) = 'Department =''test'' AND Branch = ''Yankee'' AND city = ''Brooklyn'' AND State =...

Neither. fn_CalculateNetPay is a function, and that's how you join a table to a table-valued function - by using APPLY

sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats
does that.