Just in case it's a possibility for you, if you were to move to SQL Server 2016, you may find that temporal tables would provide the necessary functionality...

Your attachment / image is blank.
It's not clear what you are asking for ... perhaps the image will make it clear, but we might need more information.

This might be useful to you, if you are on 2016.
If it were me, I think I'd run a query on the source table to find something...

SET @TableName = 'dbo.my_latestyear_' + CAST(@Year AS Varchar(4)) + '_new'

Another thing you could try, if you are unable to post the detailed information being requested, is breaking down the queries into multiple steps and using well designed temp tables...

Have a look at this and see whether it will do what you need.
Obviously, this won't work for changes made before it is implemented.

You can remove the begin/commit tran – as there is only one statement there, it's an implicit transaction anyway.