It should be the same as the resource description in sys.dm_tran_locks
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-tran-locks-transact-sql

What error?

A database backup doesn't contain all the transaction log, just part of the active portion. You can't skip restoring that (it's what makes the database consistent), but if the backup...

Speak to your DBA. That's a pretty severe problem, but they'll have to connect and get detailed info about the error to figure out where things have broken

I'd have to check, but I'm pretty sure that I cover the case of incorrect paths to master. Once you change the paths to master, you can start the server...

Have a read through these, see if they help.
The main problem with what you're doing is that SQL does NOT have nested transactions.

http://www.sqlinthewild.co.za/index.php/2011/05/17/on-transactions-errors-and-rollbacks/

This should help:
https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/backup-and-recovery/the-sql-server-instance-that-will-not-start/

Formatted to be readable. The test1 CTE is used, I do recommend more meaningful names though

WITH  test1
    AS (SELECT  EmployeeCode,
        AttendanceDate,
        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY...

September's a horrible month for me. I've got the three local SQLSaturdays on consecutive weekends, a trial SQL event next week wednesday (to see if there's enough interest in Port...

First result for a google search for "buffer cache hit ratio"
https://www.red-gate.com/simple-talk/sql/database-administration/great-sql-server-debates-buffer-cache-hit-ratio/

Indexes are automatically created for primary key and unique constraints. No other.

Without seeing the query, can't answer 2 or 3. If it's a straightforward SELECT MAX(...) ... with...

If you schedule a separate log backup job, you will break log shipping immediately.