If the database's backup is missing then you would need to RIGHT OUTER JOIN the sys.databases
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select
  M.Server
 ,SDB.name
 ,M.database_name
 ,M.last_db_backup_date
 ,M.backup_size
 ,M.physical_device_name...

Slightly different approach using inline calendar CTE
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BTW the sample data set is missing the table "Time"

USE TEEST;
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON;

--/*
IF OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.Alerts') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.Alerts;
CREATE TABLE...

SPAM

Piling on to Luis's request for information, can you share some input and output examples?
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The fastest conversion to and from hexadecimal in SQL Server is by...

Chipping in, have you checked the HDD's of that computer? First thought is that you've lost the drive that hosts the primary data file for that database.
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Quick solution
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DECLARE @A TABLE( A_Path VARCHAR(MAX), A_Filename Varchar(50) , A_No Varchar(50))
INSERT @A
SELECT '123' Path, 'Dog' Filename ,'1' No UNION ALL

Depending on the data set, using a cursor may not be the worst option, here is a quick example
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USE TEEST;
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON;

Here is a quick fix which is to remove the type cast from json
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declare @json nvarchar(max) =
'
[
{
  "JDate":...