Taken from the MS 2016 Licensing Guide

Licensing for High Availability

SQL Server software can be configured so that if one server fails, its processing will...

Take a look at sys.database_principals, that will give you the list of each user within the database.

You can then look at something like the undocumented sp_msforeachdb procedure to...

What errors do you get when trying to start the services?

Also check the services are not set as disabled.

You may also only have RDP rights to...

Not possible as they are separate Windows clusters.

Your options would boil down to doing things like SSIS, Replication, Log Shipping etc to transfer data/databases between the 2 clusters.

If your worried about SQL Injection, you could have a look at Gail's "catch all" query and how she gets around SQL injection.

http://sqlinthewild.co.za/index.php/2009/03/19/catch-all-queries/

While I appreciate...

The machines all need to be part of the same windows cluster in order to do AOAG's.  Can you do a geospatial cluster where you have servers in multiple sites?

what data type is @remotesql1, that's the only parameter I can't see in the declare list, guessing its varchar

My view on this is to create a computed column on the table in question which removes all the spaces and then stick an index on top of that column. ...

Giving Domain Admin to a service account is bad practise.

Generally it should just be a standard blank Domain User account or if you can a managed service account.

Sorry unsure what happened to that link

Corrected below

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql-compatibility-level

The compatibility levels only make certain things behave like that version, its not a setting to make the 2016 engine behave like the 2008R2 engine for a specific database, the...

No I didn't notice anything strange in RAM utilisation, but something was causing the proc cache to not store any records.  After reducing SQL's RAM on the server I was...