From BOL
varchar[(n)]
When n is not specified in a data definition or variable declaration statement, the default length is 1. When n is not specified with the CAST function, the default length is 30.
So, to answer your question, always specify the length, even if it is one, it is good practice and lazy not to do so. Besides, if Microsoft ever changed this default (unlikely, but you never know) then you would have trouble in the future.
Far away is close at hand in the images of elsewhere.
Anon.