Did  you run the setup program "as Administrator" ?
Did you give the machine a fresh re-boot before attempting the installation?

Here;s one way to handle it:
SELECT DISTINCT
  p.ID AS IntProviderID
 ,p.LastName
 ,p.FirstName
 ,p.MiddleName
 ,ISNULL(REPLACE(CONVERT(char(10), p.DateOfBirth, 101), '/', ''), '01011901') AS DateOfBirth
 ,CASE p.Sex WHEN '' THEN 'U' ELSE...

First, why are you insisting on using XML ?   Second, how exactly is your function going to be called?   Even if that function is CLR-based, calling it for every row...

There's a much better way to get numbers that don't get repeated.  And you don't even need a table to keep track of them.  It's called a sequence object.   You'll...

No CTE is needed for this.   What you appear to be looking for is an average cost per item that comes in the door from a supplier.  There are WINDOW...