Why not just create a permanent Tally table?   It's probably be useful in other situations. Just wondering...

Right-click on .sql file; Properties; Click Change on Opens with.

I'm on Windows 7 thou.

Did you Google for that error? It doesn't look like connected to xp_cmdshell. Are you using encryption?

This?

WITH ExpiredCTE AS (
  SELECT 
    CustomerID, 
    ExpiredDate = DateCreated
  FROM #MYTABLE
  WHERE EntryType = 'Expired'
)
SELECT *...

It would be nice to have desired output based on sample data. It's not clear what should happen to customers that don't have 'Expired'. Are there multiple 'Expired' rows for...

Checking for leap year is fairly easy:

DECLARE @Date AS DATE = '20120101'
IF ISDATE(CAST(YEAR(@Date) AS CHAR(4)) + '0229') = 1
  PRINT 'Leap'
ELSE 
  PRINT 'Norm'

REOVE DENY 🙂

Stored procedure is the way to go, I think. Why two SQL Server licenses if it's the same server?

Can't you just concatenate Year?

When PeriodID = 'January' 
THEN '1/31/' + CAST(YEAR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) AS CHAR(4))

Something like this:

SELECT
       c.session_id
      ,es.program_name
      ,es.login_name
     ...

In the last paragraph of the article below, it says:

If a remote stored procedure calls RAISERROR with severity less than 20 and the remote stored procedure is scoped within a...

Should be like this, me thinks:

EXEC sp_executesql @sql, N'@InterestID INT, @Approval BIT', @InterestID, @Approval

I didn't encounter 'Incorrect syntax near '01' thou.

CAST and CONVERT ignore time zone, so just cast:

DECLARE @RDate DATETIMEOFFSET = '2018-07-31 00:00:00.0000000 +02:00';
SELECT CAST(@RDate AS DATE);

Perhaps this article will be of help too:

https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/linking-to-the-previous-row

No. Once deployed they stored in the ReportServer database's Catalog table.