When did you move to SQL Server 2019?

Are you getting that error with any/all parameters, or only w/ specific cases? If only some cases, what parameters result in this error?

Did...

How many relevant unique tag_ids are there? Are they relatively static, or are new ones inserted continually?

Can't you insert those into a table on the linked server (or just hardcode...

Take a look at https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/sql-server-blog/sql-server-2016-minimal-logging-and-impact-of-the-batchsize-in/ba-p/385537. You may be able to take advantage of minimal logging to bulk load the data.

BCP or bulk insert are an option for loading a table...

Use a sequence. Don't waste resources querying max(id).

Is there really a need to partition the detail ids by tenant? If so, then use a separate sequence for each tenant w/...

You didn't indicate schema in your pseudocode. Did you use schema name in your query? (Recommend you always do to avoid ambiguity)

Any tables, views, or synonyms w/ the same name...

And, of course, look at actual execution plan to see if you have index needed to support the where clause(s) for the updates. Without that, it may be having to...

Are you seeing blocking/locking?

What transaction isolation level does the database use? the connections?

It's likely that batching the updates with far fewer connections will be much faster than issuing 5 million...

For a very small set I'd probably use NOT IN instead of anding multiple exclusions --

WHERE airports.airport_city NOT IN ('New York City','Los Angeles')

For more than a few,...

sp_clean_db_free_space

Is ghost cleanup turned off (i.e., do you have trace flag 661 enabled?

Do you have monitoring history to support such a report?

There is no simple correlation between hardware required and number of rows, gigabytes of data, or number of users, for example.

You...

You need to truncate the time to the hour --e.g.,

dateadd(hour, datediff(hour, 0, convert(TT.horas, Time) ), 0)

You can then do whatever aggregation or calculations are required.

Yes, they are in the log chain -- they use native backup, and are not copy-only. Look in the log-shipping configuration to see where the log backups are stored on/for...

Log Shipping doesn't mean you don't have access to those log backup files. It's just a different agent that manages them.

If you use Ola Hallengren SQL Server Backup, the...

Only if you restore the full backup with no recovery (i.e., the database to which you restored is in restoring mode).

No. A differential backup is just what the name implies. It is used to restored changes to the full backup. You can't restore the diff w/o first restoring the full.