This does not sound like a good idea, as the other posters say, you should import the data into development from your production system using SSIS or a bulk method.

But...

Since the data only gets loaded once a month, we've switched off the nightly shrink, and we'll run it after the data comes in, followed by the re-index.  I think the...

Turns out that it was a DBCC SHRINKDATABASE that was the problem.  This was being run every night, and was causing the indexes to fragment.