Google is your friend - do remember this.

First thing is the software itself so if your machine is Windows then you do need that windows host install

you can use domain accounts across domains as long as your domain admins enable trust between the domains - very common to do and probably the advisable thing here.

SSIS behaves differently from linked server.

What is happening there is that linked server is setting the column to null - which is not the same thing as not...

good old days - setup a new server - huge 10MB MFM disks where we had to manually enter the bad sectors (written on paper on the back of the...

bitwise can be done - just on SQL Server you have a straight use of it on @options  https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/configure-the-user-options-server-configuration-option?view=sql-server-2017 
or Active Directory on user/group account control field http://www.selfadsi.org/ads-attributes/user-userAccountControl.htm
the limit...

there is no particular place to install the drivers. some will default to a hardcoded path (normally C:\program files (or x86)) others will allow you to select where to do...

what have you found so far on google/documentation and what specific differences/relations between each pair have you questions about?

Just to list the options.
to use the old cardinality estimator (CE 70) the following options are available - final result is the same insofar as it relates to CE

on VS upgrade each package and solution to latest version.
some may not upgrade correctly which means they would not run at all on new server even if the inplace...

without going through all possible options (google can help there) why do you have the copy job on Windows Schedule instead of a SQL server job? 
It would be better...