Thanks for an interesting question Igor. I had the biggest problem with an estimate of the result the answer No. 4, where there were no brackets but I did it... 

To load a FULL set of fixed width data I used the function read.fwf (), given in answer No. 3. The result is a data.frame as produced by read.table which...

I think the right answer is # 1. At my instance of MS SQL Server Express 2014 I never run ALTER SERVER CONFIGURATION SET DIAGNOSTICS LOG ON.
When I run...

An unexpectedly interesting question about such a simple function, well done, thanks Drew.🙂

An interesting and useful question, thanks Steve.
I also thank jschmidt 17654 for sharing a perfect general solution, well done. 🙂

# Create the data frame.
rank <- c(1,2,3,4,5)

Great question, thanks Evgeny. But I'm not sure if parameter SYSTEM_VERSIONING = ON must be specified.
How does it mean in Docs when Creating and System-Versioned Temporal...

Maybe the explanation can be found in paragraph 3) of 5 Things About Fillfactor:

3) Fillfactor doesn’t impact new pages inserted at the end of an index

Thanks for the interesting question Mohammed. Quite hard, but the documentation helped me.
Is it e.g. "5 Things About Fillfactor", and in Docs "ALTER INDEX...

Thanks for this question. A short note to the Explanation, the Docs says that the PERCENT_RANK function returns the data type float.

This documentation from Technet GROUPING SETS Equivalents helped me,
and then experimenting with an example in DOCS GROUPING (Transact-SQL)

SELECT SalesQuota, SUM(SalesYTD) 'TotalSalesYTD', GROUPING(SalesQuota) AS 'Grouping'...

Thanks for this question, let me add a small note that in "mycoolfunction"
is a syntax error in the return function. Syntax of return() is: return(expression).
It should be...

I'm sorry, but the additional fix of the response options is not fair. 😉
Happy New Year!