CHECK Constraints vs NULL values

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CHECK Constraints vs NULL values

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Hugo Kornelis SSC Guru Points: 64780 More actions · Answer 1

henrik staun poulsen (5/5/2015)
So is this what is needed?
ALTER TABLE dbo.Test ADD CONSTRAINT CK_Test_EndDateAfterStartDateAndNotNull CHECK (EndDate > StartDate AND EndDate IS NOT NULL);
GO

No, if you don't want null values, you simply declare the column as NOT NULL. Hiding the equivalent of that constraint in a CHECK constraint is the kind of obfuscation that causes errors later.

well, I could also do this:

CREATE TABLE dbo.Test
(
ID INT NOT NULL,
StartDate DATETIME NOT NULL,
EndDate DATETIME not NULL
);
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Test ADD CONSTRAINT CK_Test_EndDateAfterStartDate CHECK (EndDate > StartDate);
GO

Yes, that is how it should be done if you want rows with EndDate NULL to be rejected.

I normally default Enddate to "9999-12-31", and do not allow Unknown dates.

Hmmm, I recall people saying similar things in the '80s, except they had two-digit years and assumed their code would be replaced long before the date "99-12-31" would ever become real.

I absolutely don't think your code will still be live in 7 millenia, but that does not mean that I like using magic values to replace NULL. The SQL language has included NULL as a "as good as it gets" solution to a hard problem - that of missing data. If you know how NULL works, it *usually* behaves just as you would want it to when having to deal with missing data. If you use a magic value, you will far more often have to code exceptions - a simple MAX(EndDate) will not work correct when you use 9999-12-31, and using DATEDIFF to compute remaining days can even cause runtime overflow errors.

Also, how do you handle smalldatetime? How do you represent missing values in integer or string columns?

(Not trying to pick on you, BTW - just trying to make a point to all the many people who go out of their way to avoid NULL instead of embracing the concept).

Hugo Kornelis, SQL Server/Data Platform MVP (2006-2016)
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