So I found one more thread that says to turn on replication for that db, run sp_repldone, and then turn it back off as follows:

EXEC sp_dboption 'MDS', 'Published', 'true';

EXEC sp_repldone @xactid = NULL, @xact_segno = NULL, @numtrans = 0, @time = 0, @reset = 1

EXEC sp_dboption 'MDS', 'published', 'false'

However, the first command doesn't work because replication was never even configured on this server.

So I configured a distribution database (scripted it), ran the above commands, and then dropped dropped replication on the server.

Then all the backup log and shrink file stuff worked.

7 hours later.....