A logical drive is a partition of a physical drive. It can be a complete partition of a drive or a partial partition.

A physical drive is where you determine performance. A single physical drive offers no protection and doesn't perform as well as a RAID drive (usually).

A SAN typically bundles physical drives into arrays that can have a logical drive presented to Windows.

I'm not sure what you mean by "works the same". A SAN is a much more complicated I/O subsystem.