Compatibility mode has nothing to do with the database version, just a few bits of query behavior.
Rebuild index 3 of table 1379588053. You can get the names using OBJECT_ID and INDEX_ID.
Not a repl expert but I don't believe it would cause this, and the application simply can't cause it.
Thanks
Paul Randal
CEO, SQLskills.com: Check out SQLskills online training!
Blog:www.SQLskills.com/blogs/paul Twitter: @PaulRandal
SQL MVP, Microsoft RD, Contributing Editor of TechNet Magazine
Author of DBCC CHECKDB/repair (and other Storage Engine) code of SQL Server 2005