This doesn't work for a LIKE condition, but for equalities in a small number of fields, you can use

WHERE '411-555-1212' IN (HomePhone, WorkPhone, CellPhone, AltPhone)

I've found it useful when looking for a foreign key of a Person Id in several fields like fkLoanOfficerId, fkApprovingOfficerId, fkVerifiedBy etc.

You can't let the perfect be the enemy of the good. In some cases it's more expedient to work with the errors of the past, than to attempt a total rewrite of the structure.