No - if you change table names, you need to redefine your SPs. You shouldn't change the system tables manually to do this. There are various tools that you can buy to assist with large-scale schema changes (like MS's Datadude for instance).
Thanks
Paul Randal
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SQL MVP, Microsoft RD, Contributing Editor of TechNet Magazine
Author of DBCC CHECKDB/repair (and other Storage Engine) code of SQL Server 2005