A database is more than just a data file, but it is not inherently dependent on a log. Many databases that are designed for single-user use do not maintain any form of log file, yet remain true databases.

Even in MS SQL Server specifically, while the log file is of great importance for many things, it at least arguably does not hold the database entities. It can be discarded and rebuilt with no challenge if you have the actual data files (.mdf and .ndf by default.)