No, but it does on my desktop, which is running SQL 2016.   I changed my text to say a function may use it because at first I thought an ITVF would have to reference the view explicitly.  I guess it shouldn't be surprising:  an indexed view is just another table structure.  I'll test it at work next week on 2012 and get back to you.

One thing to be clear on.   All of our indexed views involve multiple tables.   They aren't aggregations.   We pay the price to avoid some expensive joins in big searches but fortunately the rows in the tables involved are fairly static once they're inserted.