oki, I have almost figured it our, I have a table with a columns date, so here is what I did (I am not a 100% about the weeks in a quarter)

with firstdayoff
as
(
select
[date],
FirstDayOfMonth  = FirstOfMonth,
LastDayOfMonth  = MAX([date]) OVER (PARTITION BY [year], [month]),
FirstDayOfQuarter = MIN([date]) OVER (PARTITION BY [year], [quarter]),
LastDayOfQuarter  = MAX([date]) OVER (PARTITION BY [year], [quarter]),
FirstDayOfYear  = FirstOfYear,
LastDayOfYear   = MAX([date]) OVER (PARTITION BY [year]),
FirstDayOfNextMonth = DATEADD(MONTH, 1, FirstOfMonth),
FirstDayOfNextYear = DATEADD(YEAR, 1, FirstOfYear)
from #dim
)
select
dd.[Date],
datediff(day, ff.FirstDayOfMonth, dateadd(month, 0, dateadd(dd,1,ff.LastDayOfMonth))) as [DaysinMonth],
datediff(day, ff.FirstDayOfQuarter, dateadd(QUARTER, 0, dateadd(dd,1,ff.LastDayOfQuarter))) [DaysinQuarter],
datediff(day, ff.FirstDayOfYear, dateadd(year, 0, dateadd(dd,1,ff.LastDayOfYear))) [DaysinYear],
datediff(WEEK, ff.FirstDayOfQuarter, dateadd(QUARTER, 0, dateadd(dd,1,ff.LastDayOfQuarter)))
from #dim dd inner join firstdayoff ff on dd.[Date] = ff.[date]
order by dd.[Date]