As far as Replication is Concerned , There is no effect Of Recovery Model of the database in Updating the logged transactions back to the subscribers through Distributor .

In Simple Recovery Model Check Point Only clears the committed transactions from Log file and writes the pages back to disk , But in case Of Replication - changes made to the Published articles in the publisher will maintain a mark like 'marked for replication ' in the Log file . These Marked log records will not be truncated through checkpoint , Only cleared after they are updated to Distributor/Subscribers through Log reader Agent .

Hence , we can observe the Log file growth if there is any disturbance at distributor End in executing the Log reader Agent job .But you should be careful in case Of BULK OPERATIONS as they are minimally logged to log file.