GilaMonster (4/1/2014)
In-memory OLTP (hekaton) is for heavy concurrent load (tens of thousands of concurrent connections with thousands of inserts/sec). The advantage is the lock-less, latch-less optimistic concurrency. It's not a silver bullet for performance in all circumstances.
Another (smaller) advantage is that you can mark tables as memory-only, so you don't have any IO to the disk subsystem at all. Downside is that you lose the data when SQL Server shuts down. Could be ideal for staging tables though.
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