Most of OP output results do not match relevant formulas, eg:

B/A 3/19/2013= 7/ 2 = 3.5 not 0.285714286!

Any way thank's to Lowell for data setup:

declare @MySampleData table (Date datetime, Name char(1), ID int, Result DECIMAL(20,9))

insert @MySampleData

SELECT CONVERT(datetime,'3/18/2013') ,'A',1,5 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','B',2,16 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','C',3,21 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','D',4,11 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','E',5,45 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','F',6,22 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/18/2013','G',7,5 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','A',1,2 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','B',2,7 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','C',3,15 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','D',4,9 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','E',5,19 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','F',6,12 UNION ALL

SELECT '3/19/2013','G',7,3

;WITH cte_dat

AS

(

SELECT *

,CASE WHEN Name IN ('B','A') THEN 'B/A'

WHEN Name IN ('D','C') THEN 'D/C'

WHEN Name IN ('E','G') THEN 'E-G'

ELSE NULL

END AS Formula

FROM @MySampleData

)

SELECT Formula

,Date

,CASE WHEN Formula = 'B/A' THEN

MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'B' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)/MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'A' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)

WHEN Formula = 'D/C' THEN

MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'D' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)/MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'C' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)

WHEN Formula = 'E-G' THEN

MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'E' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)-MAX(CASE WHEN Name = 'G' THEN Result ELSE NULL END)

END AS Result

FROM cte_dat

WHERE Formula IS NOT NULL

GROUP BY Formula, Date

ORDER BY Date, Formula