1) I know temporary tables and table variables occupy space in TempDB, but what happens when I invoke a view; do views also make demands on TempDB?

2) What is the natiure of the relationship between the number of processors (physical or virtual) and TempDB?

1) That's not quite true. RAM is always used first to hold temp tables and table variables. But, if (and only if) RAM available for holding such rows is exceeded, then rows are physically stored in tempdb as necessary.

Views are no different than tables in how they are ultimately processed. The query plan converts the view definition to point to its source table(s). So, yes, views may also require use of tempdb.

2) There is no direct relationship per se. But for performance reasons, it's often best to increase the number of tempdb data files to match some proportion of the number of physical processors.