sp_MSforeachdb is convenient, but it has huge overhead and is probably overkill for what you need.

You can use sp_executesql to return a value from dynamic SQL, albeit that it's not straightforward. Still, it's a good technique to know, so here it is:

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(4000)

DECLARE @version varchar(100) --or whatever

SET @sql = N'SELECT TOP (1) @version = version_number ' +

'FROM ['+ @DB_Name+ N'].dbo.schema_version '

EXEC sp_executesql @sql, N'@version varchar(100) OUTPUT', @version OUTPUT

IF @version LIKE ...