Hi
Two possibilities which come to mind - first permissions ie from VBA, the user that is executing the SP does not have appropriate database permissions; second, one or more of the parameters you are supplying the SP is not being interpreted as you expect when executed outside the SQL Server environment - I guess this might be referred to a data typing issue.
For example, if your parameters include a date, you may need to supply the date in a SQL Server format eg '2012-12-25' (including the quotes). A date coming from VBA maybe in the form '25/12/2012' and your SP mayneed to be modified to deal with it in this form (or you change the way in which it is presented as a parameter.
Hope this helps.
Cheers
Rowan