You could use Phil's suggested query as a subquery. This lets you add as many CASE statements with as many WHEN statements as you want and it lets you filter out those unwanted columns in the final query result. The following code should give you an idea of what I mean. Obviously the OrderBy2 part would not have the same syntax as OrderBy1.
SELECT
sub.VacancyInternalID
,sub.VacancyTitle
,sub.ParentInternalID
,sub.GeoLocation
FROM
(
select distinct VacancyInternalID
,VacancyTitle
,null ParentInternalID
,null GeoLocation
,OrderBy1= (
case @SortFieldIndexConfig
when 1then VacancyInternalID
when 2then VacancyTitle
else VacancyInternalID
end
)
,OrderBy2= (
case @SortFieldIndexConfig
when 1then VacancyInternalID
when 2then VacancyTitle
else VacancyInternalID
end
)
from Vacancy.TB_Vacancy va
inner join Config.TB_Contract co on va.VacancyContractID = co.ContractInternalID
where co.ContractExternalID = '492A94D0-7D71-46E5-A8F6-E3A973394647'
and co.ContractStatusID = 1
and VacancyStatusID = 1
and VacancyTitle like '%%'
) sub
ORDER BY sub.OrderBy1 DESC, sub.OrderBy2 DESC