Probably not.
The order that the query will be processed in is not defined or guaranteed. The SQL 2008 query optimiser is just producing a plan where the conversion is done before the non-numeric values are filtered out.
The query optimiser changes in every version, therefore plans can change as well
Gail Shaw
Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server, MVP, M.Sc (Comp Sci)
SQL In The Wild: Discussions on DB performance with occasional diversions into recoverability