Mr. Celko,
The main problem in here wouldn't be the DDL as we cannot see the original table just a simplified version of it. I'm pretty sure the OP shouldn't be changing the database structure one table at a time, that's just pointless and would imply lots of work on SQL Server and on the front ends. If you can't give a solution (or read the problem), please avoid posting anything. I'm sure that when someone wants to design a database with little knowledge on database design, they can go to the Stairway you wrote.
To Thomas,
I'm having some trouble with your posts, as there are three main problems I found:
1. Your calculations are wrong or have some logic you didn't post (48 times 112.47 equals 5398.56 not 5398 and 508.61 times 5 equals 2543.05 not 2540) it might seem very few difference, but it's still a difference.
2. Your values are declared int but you might want to use a numeric/decimal data type to avoid truncation.
3. Your dates can have some trouble since DATEDIFF( mm, ' 20080229', '20120229') will give 49 and not 48. (I'm sure this was happening on a 2005 version, but I'm trying to reproduce this problem and won't happen in 2012 but I don't have a 2008 here).
Be sure to test each part of your code before using it. And take care of your math.;-)