I had a similar issue (tried to install Replication after the initial install/patch of SP). Trying to run via the Media (Setup.exe) and adding replication failed (version issue error messages).

I was successful running the following (P: is the drive containing the media on my server) via the command line:

start /wait P:\Servers\setup.exe /qb INSTANCENAME=MSSQLSERVER ADDLOCAL=SQL_Replication

Also found the following URL that may help you:

http://www.sqlserverclub.com/essentialguides/how-to-install-sql-server-2005-replication.aspx

Good luck! 🙂