You are looking for a Learning Management System. I've used a few, but none that I liked. The one I dug into the most was from some company in Utah (LearningTree?) . It wasn't well designed, and we ended up just hacking around the tables and adding our own modules to get what we wanted. Not the best solution.

I did see this: http://moodle.org/ open source, so might be a good building platform. Ultimately I think you might end up customizing things for what you want.

Joomla has one as well: http://www.joomlalms.com/compare/

Also a directory: http://www.capterra.com/learning-management-system-software?gclid=CLb20Ozku60CFXMBQAodoEUwBA