I think the closest type of chart in Performance Point would be a decomposition tree.
Here is a post on how they work from MSDN: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/performancepoint/archive/2009/11/19/decomposition-tree-contribution-analysis-presentation.aspx
We have implemented one for one of our dashboard projects and it is really insightful. It's not exactly the same as what you had in your image but this is the closest thing I have seen in this tool so far.