CheckDB runs database integrity checks. Nothing else. It doesn't cause errors. It should be run regularly to make sure that things aren't broken.
Regardless, there's nothing to disable, checkDB runs when someone runs it or when a job runs it. It does not run automatically.
Gail Shaw
Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server, MVP, M.Sc (Comp Sci)
SQL In The Wild: Discussions on DB performance with occasional diversions into recoverability