I'm not sure why would you want that. It seems like a weird requirement.
As you should know, triggers use 2 pseudo-tables (Inserted & Deleted) from which you need to get the information because you might not have it in the real table yet.
You could use something like this.
INSERT INTO TableB(item, tasktype)
SELECT i.Item,
t.tasktype
FROM Inserted
CROSS APPLY (VALUES('Planning'),('Design'),('Program'),('Production')) t(tasktype)
If you have any questions on how it works, feel free to ask.