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First Tally Table T-SQL Expand / Collapse
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Message
Posted Monday, April 26, 2010 11:13 AM
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Hello,

I am attempting to use my first Tally Table and I'm not sure I am using the correct approach. I have a T-SQL loop that counts...something I thought prime for a Tally Table replacement.

DECLARE @StartTime DATETIME
SET @StartTime = GETDATE();

DECLARE @Position INT
DECLARE @Data VARCHAR(8000)
SET @Data = 'THIS IS ONE OF MANY REASONS WHY I DISLIKE THE AS400'

SELECT @Data = STUFF(LOWER(@Data), 1, 1, UPPER(LEFT(@Data, 1))), @Position = PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z][a-z]%', @Data COLLATE Latin1_General_Bin)
WHILE @Position > 0
Begin
SELECT @Data = STUFF(@Data, @Position, 2, UPPER(SUBSTRING(@Data, @Position, 2))), @Position = PATINDEX('%[^a-zA-Z][a-z]%', @Data COLLATE Latin1_General_Bin)
End

SELECT @Data
SELECT STR(DATEDIFF(ms,@StartTime,GETDATE())) + ' Milliseconds duration'

However I feel as though this is one of those scenarios where a Tally Table is NOT a perfect replacement or, or more likely, I am heading down the wrong road which is why I am stopping to get some sagely advice. Here is my Tally Table approach:

DECLARE @StringTable TABLE
(
iPos INT IDENTITY(1,1),
Value VARCHAR(8000)
)

INSERT INTO @StringTable (Value)
SELECT SUBSTRING(@Data,N+1,1) + SUBSTRING(LOWER(@Data),N+2,1)
FROM dbo.Tally
WHERE N <= LEN(@Data)
AND SUBSTRING(@Data,N,1) = ' '

My thought was to split it into words and capitalize the first letter of each word but it seems I'm making it more convoluted and the performance will be lost by poor programming. The results of the above are below:
-------- ---------...
1 Is
2 On
3 Of
4 Ma
5 Re
6 Wh
7 I
8 Di
9 Th
10 As
(10 row(s) affected)

First I am NOT able to get at the first word because there is NO preceding space. Could I cocatenate one sure but doesn't seem right. Second now I have all these words in seperate rows how do I get them back into a single string to return.

Please edumakate me I'm feeling like I don't have the Tally Table down.

JB
Post #910545
Posted Monday, April 26, 2010 12:00 PM


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Hello,

One of the gurus on this site wrote this function for Delimiting strings. It works on strings up to 8000 chars in length.
 IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.DelimitedSplit8K') IS NOT NULL DROP FUNCTION dbo.DelimitedSplit8K
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.DelimitedSplit8K
/***************************************************************************************************
Purpose:
Split a given string at a given delimiter and return a list of the split elements (items).

Usage Example:
SELECT *
FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K(@StringToSplit, @Delimiter)

Returns:
iTVF containing the following:
ItemNumber = Element position of Item as a BIGINT (not converted to INT to eliminate a CAST)
Item = Element value as a VARCHAR(8000)

Notes:
1. Optimized for VARCHAR(8000) or less.
2. Optimized for single character delimiter.
3. Optimized for use with CROSS APPLY.
4. Does not "trim" elements just in case leading or trailing blanks are intended.
5. cteTally concept originally by Iztek Ben Gan and "decimalized" by Lynn Pettis (and others) for a
bit of extra speed and finally redacted by Jeff Moden for a different slant on readability and
compactness.
6. If you don't know how a Tally table can be used to replace loops, please see the following...
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/T-SQL/62867/

Revision History:
Rev 00 - 20 Jan 2010 - Jeff Moden
- Base 10 redaction for CTE.
Rev 01 - 08 Mar 2010 - Jeff Moden
- Changed UNION ALL to UNPIVOT for bit of extra speed.
Rev 02 - 13 Mar 2010 - Jeff Moden
- Removed one additional concatenation and one subtraction from the SUBSTRING in the
SELECT List.
***************************************************************************************************/
--===== Define I/O parameters
(
@pString VARCHAR(8000),
@pDelimiter CHAR(1)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
WITH --"Inline" CTE Driven "Tally Table" produces values up to 10K... enough to cover VARCHAR(8000).
E1(N) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1),--10
E2(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E1 a, E1 b), --100
E4(N) AS (SELECT 1 FROM E2 a, E2 b), --10,000
cteTally(N) AS (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY N) FROM E4)
--===== Do the split
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY N) AS ItemNumber,
SUBSTRING(@pString, N, CHARINDEX(@pDelimiter, @pString + @pDelimiter, N) - N) AS Item
FROM cteTally
WHERE N < LEN(@pString) + 2
AND SUBSTRING(@pDelimiter + @pString, N, 1) = @pDelimiter
;

To utilize it with the code you were using:
select * from DelimitedSplit8K(@data, ' ') p;

And, to put it all back together again:
SELECT STUFF((SELECT ' ' + Item
FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K(@data, ' ') p
ORDER BY ItemNumber
FOR XML PATH ('')),1,1,'')

And to put it all back together with proper cased words:
SELECT STUFF((SELECT ' ' + UPPER(SubString(Item,1,1)) + 
LOWER(SubString(Item,2,len(Item)))
FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K(@data, ' ') p
ORDER BY ItemNumber
FOR XML PATH ('')),1,1,'')

Edit: added proper casing of result


Wayne
Microsoft Certified Master: SQL Server 2008
If you can't explain to another person how the code that you're copying from the internet works, then DON'T USE IT on a production system! After all, you will be the one supporting it!
Links: For better assistance in answering your questions, How to ask a question, Performance Problems, Common date/time routines,
CROSS-TABS and PIVOT tables Part 1 & Part 2, Using APPLY Part 1 & Part 2, Splitting Delimited Strings
Post #910580
Posted Tuesday, April 27, 2010 5:10 AM


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Well you certainly could do it that way - but it seems very inefficient to split, convert, and then concatenate again.
Much faster to do it all in one step, in one line of C#:

Functions:
-- Assembly
CREATE ASSEMBLY ScalarFunctions
AUTHORIZATION dbo
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
-- For strings up to 8000 bytes
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ToTitleCase
(
@Input NVARCHAR(4000)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(4000)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS EXTERNAL NAME ScalarFunctions.UserDefinedFunctions.ToTitleCase;
GO
-- For LOB strings
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ToTitleCaseMAX
(
@Input NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS EXTERNAL NAME ScalarFunctions.UserDefinedFunctions.ToTitleCaseMAX;

Tests:
-- Test 1
SELECT dbo.ToTitleCase(N'THIS IS ONE OF MANY REASONS WHY I DISLIKE THE AS400');
GO
-- Test 2
SELECT dbo.ToTitleCaseMAX(definition)
FROM msdb.sys.sql_modules;
GO

Source code:
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System.Globalization;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction
(
DataAccess=DataAccessKind.None,
SystemDataAccess=SystemDataAccessKind.None,
IsDeterministic=true,
IsPrecise=true
)
]
[return: SqlFacet (MaxSize=-1, IsNullable=false, IsFixedLength=false)]
public static string ToTitleCaseMAX
(
[SqlFacet (MaxSize=-1, IsNullable=false, IsFixedLength=false)]
string Input
)
{
TextInfo ti = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo;
return ti.ToTitleCase(ti.ToLower(Input));
}

[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction
(
DataAccess = DataAccessKind.None,
SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.None,
IsDeterministic = true,
IsPrecise = true
)
]
[return: SqlFacet(MaxSize = 4000, IsNullable = false, IsFixedLength = false)]
public static string ToTitleCase
(
[SqlFacet(MaxSize = 4000, IsNullable = false, IsFixedLength = false)]
string Input
)
{
TextInfo ti = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo;
return ti.ToTitleCase(ti.ToLower(Input));
}
};

Paul




Paul White
SQL Server MVP
SQLblog.com
@SQL_Kiwi
Post #910960
Posted Tuesday, April 27, 2010 5:37 AM
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I agree an assembly would be the best approach. Why recreate the wheel and an assembly would be more globally universal for others to make use of as well. BUT our dba's are saying we can't do assemblies because of our Security Contract with the government there is to be nothing "installed" on the boxes. I don't personally buy this (I think the dba's don't have knowledge / experience of what I'm talking about) but it is a brick wall (the dba's) I won't be breaking through for now.
Post #910984
Posted Tuesday, April 27, 2010 5:51 AM


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nfs_john (4/27/2010)
I agree an assembly would be the best approach. Why recreate the wheel and an assembly would be more globally universal for others to make use of as well. BUT our dba's are saying we can't do assemblies because of our Security Contract with the government there is to be nothing "installed" on the boxes. I don't personally buy this (I think the dba's don't have knowledge / experience of what I'm talking about) but it is a brick wall (the dba's) I won't be breaking through for now.

You're so right - and it saddens me greatly that so many DBAs are so backward about SQLCLR.
Much of it is defensiveness, arrogance, or ignorance. Ah well.




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SQL Server MVP
SQLblog.com
@SQL_Kiwi
Post #911002
Posted Thursday, May 13, 2010 5:39 PM


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Paul White NZ (4/27/2010)
Well you certainly could do it that way - but it seems very inefficient to split, convert, and then concatenate again.
Much faster to do it all in one step, in one line of C#:

Functions:
-- Assembly
CREATE ASSEMBLY ScalarFunctions
AUTHORIZATION dbo
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
-- For strings up to 8000 bytes
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ToTitleCase
(
@Input NVARCHAR(4000)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(4000)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS EXTERNAL NAME ScalarFunctions.UserDefinedFunctions.ToTitleCase;
GO
-- For LOB strings
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ToTitleCaseMAX
(
@Input NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS EXTERNAL NAME ScalarFunctions.UserDefinedFunctions.ToTitleCaseMAX;

Tests:
-- Test 1
SELECT dbo.ToTitleCase(N'THIS IS ONE OF MANY REASONS WHY I DISLIKE THE AS400');
GO
-- Test 2
SELECT dbo.ToTitleCaseMAX(definition)
FROM msdb.sys.sql_modules;
GO

Source code:
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System.Globalization;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction
(
DataAccess=DataAccessKind.None,
SystemDataAccess=SystemDataAccessKind.None,
IsDeterministic=true,
IsPrecise=true
)
]
[return: SqlFacet (MaxSize=-1, IsNullable=false, IsFixedLength=false)]
public static string ToTitleCaseMAX
(
[SqlFacet (MaxSize=-1, IsNullable=false, IsFixedLength=false)]
string Input
)
{
TextInfo ti = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo;
return ti.ToTitleCase(ti.ToLower(Input));
}

[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction
(
DataAccess = DataAccessKind.None,
SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.None,
IsDeterministic = true,
IsPrecise = true
)
]
[return: SqlFacet(MaxSize = 4000, IsNullable = false, IsFixedLength = false)]
public static string ToTitleCase
(
[SqlFacet(MaxSize = 4000, IsNullable = false, IsFixedLength = false)]
string Input
)
{
TextInfo ti = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.TextInfo;
return ti.ToTitleCase(ti.ToLower(Input));
}
};

Paul


What were the results on, say, a million rows?


--Jeff Moden
"RBAR is pronounced "ree-bar" and is a "Modenism" for "Row-By-Agonizing-Row".

First step towards the paradigm shift of writing Set Based code:
Stop thinking about what you want to do to a row... think, instead, of what you want to do to a column."

For better, quicker answers on T-SQL questions, click on the following...
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Best+Practices/61537/

For better answers on performance questions, click on the following...
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/SQLServerCentral/66909/
Post #921696
Posted Thursday, May 13, 2010 5:58 PM


SSC-Dedicated

SSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-DedicatedSSC-Dedicated

Group: General Forum Members
Last Login: Today @ 4:51 PM
Points: 32,923, Visits: 26,811
Paul White NZ (4/27/2010)
nfs_john (4/27/2010)
I agree an assembly would be the best approach. Why recreate the wheel and an assembly would be more globally universal for others to make use of as well. BUT our dba's are saying we can't do assemblies because of our Security Contract with the government there is to be nothing "installed" on the boxes. I don't personally buy this (I think the dba's don't have knowledge / experience of what I'm talking about) but it is a brick wall (the dba's) I won't be breaking through for now.

You're so right - and it saddens me greatly that so many DBAs are so backward about SQLCLR.
Much of it is defensiveness, arrogance, or ignorance. Ah well.


Heh... YOU, Mr White, write excellent code. However, you and I both know that's an exception rather than the rule. The reason why a lot of DBA's shy away from SQLCLR's is because they've seen what "developers" have done to the performance of the database already and don't want to open up yet another avenue for absolute crap code to make its way into the fabric of the database.

Do I think that SQLCLR is a good thing? Absolutely! Contrary to popular belief, I was (still am, actually) thrilled when it first came out. Would I allow most "developers" I personally know use it? BWAA-HAAA!!!... absolutely NOT! It's not out of supposed FUD, arrogance, or ignorance... it's because I know and have seen what the "developers" do like the clown that couldn't figure out how to do a "merge" in T-SQL or the moroff that didn't know how to do a simple modulo... they both submitted SQLCLR code to "solve" the problem.

Now, if a DBA has a C# programmer that (s)he can actually trust, that may be a different story.


--Jeff Moden
"RBAR is pronounced "ree-bar" and is a "Modenism" for "Row-By-Agonizing-Row".

First step towards the paradigm shift of writing Set Based code:
Stop thinking about what you want to do to a row... think, instead, of what you want to do to a column."

For better, quicker answers on T-SQL questions, click on the following...
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Best+Practices/61537/

For better answers on performance questions, click on the following...
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/SQLServerCentral/66909/
Post #921705
Posted Thursday, May 13, 2010 6:55 PM


Ten Centuries

Ten CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen Centuries

Group: General Forum Members
Last Login: Today @ 5:50 PM
Points: 1,308, Visits: 3,899
I couldn't help it - I like trying out things....

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ProperCase](@text VARCHAR(8000))
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN(
SELECT
A.B.value('(./text())[1]','varchar(8000)') AS [TEXT]
FROM (
SELECT ''+
CASE
WHEN SUBSTRING(@text,N-1,1) IN ('',' ',CHAR(10),CHAR(13),CHAR(9),'.','!','(')
THEN UPPER(SUBSTRING(@text,N,1))
ELSE LOWER(SUBSTRING(@text,N,1))
END
FROM Tally
WHERE N>0 AND N<=LEN(@text)
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE
) A(B)
)


It is a bit slow, (1000000 rows took about 52 seconds) but does work and is bound to end up nudging someone else to improve on it...


MM




Post #921712
Posted Friday, May 14, 2010 1:49 AM


SSChampion

SSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampionSSChampion

Group: General Forum Members
Last Login: Today @ 4:22 PM
Points: 10,990, Visits: 10,542
Jeff Moden (5/13/2010)
What were the results on, say, a million rows?

I downloaded The Complete Works of Shakespeare, split it into sentences and ran both routines on that. Turns out, there are 78,026 sentences

A typical run produced: timings of 929ms for the CLR routine, 24,741ms for Wayne's code, and 47,520ms for mister.magoo's.

CLR: 0.8s
Wayne: 16.4s
Magoo: 24.4s

Code used to load the sample data:
CREATE  TABLE dbo.Shakespeare
(
text_data VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL
);

BULK INSERT dbo.Shakespeare
FROM 'C:\temp\test\shaks12.txt'
WITH (
DATAFILETYPE = 'char',
CODEPAGE = 'RAW',
FIELDTERMINATOR = '',
ROWTERMINATOR = '.',
TABLOCK
);

Core test rig (slight change to Wayne's code to fix XML entitisation issues):
DECLARE @BitBucket VARCHAR(4000);

SET STATISTICS TIME ON;

-- CLR
SELECT @BitBucket =
dbo.ToTitleCase(S.text_data)
FROM dbo.Shakespeare S;

-- Wayne
SELECT @BitBucket =
STUFF
(
(
SELECT ' ' + UPPER(SUBSTRING(Item,1,1)) +
LOWER(SUBSTRING(Item,2,LEN(Item)))
FROM dbo.DelimitedSplit8K(S.text_data, ' ') p
ORDER BY
ItemNumber
FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE
).value('./text()[1]', 'VARCHAR(4000)')
, 1, 1, '')
FROM dbo.Shakespeare S;

-- Magoo
SELECT @BitBucket =
CA.TEXT
FROM dbo.Shakespeare S
CROSS
APPLY dbo.ProperCase(S.text_data) CA;

SET STATISTICS TIME OFF;





Paul White
SQL Server MVP
SQLblog.com
@SQL_Kiwi
Post #921804
Posted Friday, May 14, 2010 2:42 AM


Ten Centuries

Ten CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen CenturiesTen Centuries

Group: General Forum Members
Last Login: Today @ 5:50 PM
Points: 1,308, Visits: 3,899
That sounds about right - the SQLCLR version is blindingly fast in my tests too....

Someone must be able to make a T-SQL version that comes close....Jeff....?

Oh and while I think of it, is there a way to make the DelimitedSplit function work with punctuation as well so that bad grammar is not penalised?

e.g. (Oh my! that's a tricky one...don't capitalise e.g.)


THIS SENTENCE IS OK.WHAT ABOUT THIS?AND THIS?

Should come out as (obviously I am not wanting to change the OP's requirements, just a side Q)

This Sentence Is Ok.What About This?And This?


MM




Post #921833
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