I've never worked with Azure but, according to the following article...
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/hh508997.aspx
... it looks like you'll need to recombine the individual tables to take advantage of partitioning and you should absolutely take advantage.
I don't know what the max spec are for Azure but assume from the information in the article linked above that it can easily handle what you're getting ready to throw at it.
--Jeff Moden
Change is inevitable... Change for the better is not.