While I loathe to place a solution for what you are asking for the very reasons explained before my post.....Based on your small dataset and given the constraint of NOT repeating the same number in your Comma Separated Values (i.e. 1,1,2,2 will NOT work for exclusive matching)
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM ComponentInfoID t1 where
t1.ComponentInfoId LIKE '%1%' and t1.ComponentInfoID LIKE '%16%'
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM ComponentInfoID t1 where
t1.ComponentInfoId LIKE '%1%'
Thus, the DelimitedSplit solutions.
One thing we ALL agree on is that the database design is poor and should be normalized. When simple questions require complicated solutions, there is usually a flaw in the design.
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