This is a great question, thank you Paul. It would have been very difficult to answer it correctly, but fortunately for me, incorrect options were clearly incorrect, and therefore it was not too difficult to not answer the question incorrectly:

B. VLFs are physically deleted? No, VLF is, well, VLF, a fragment

C. VLFs are overwritten with zeroes? No, in Windows nothing is overwritten with zeroes as there is no need to do that. Even formatting the drive does not actually overwrite data with zeroes.

With above out of the way, All of the above and Answers A and C have to go too.

This leaves only A and D to seriously consider, and while this is true that the only way to shrink the file is to first have it inactive VLFs (Status = 0 when running dbcc loginfo()) bunched in its tail, the log file shrinks when dbcc shrinkfile is called.

Thus, answer A is the only answer which is not incorrect.

Oleg