Something like this?

CREATE TABLE #TableA ( id INT,columnA VARCHAR(200))

INSERT INTO #TableA

SELECT 1,'here is my phone number 12345678. but my cell is 44444444.' UNION ALL

SELECT 2,'987654321 is my balance' UNION ALL

SELECT 3,'i like the number 55555555. it is cool' UNION ALL

SELECT 4,'66666666'

SELECT id, MIN(PATINDEX(n,columnA)) AS pos

FROM #TableA

CROSS APPLY

(

SELECT '%4444%' AS n UNION ALL

SELECT '%123%'

)sub

GROUP BY id

DROP TABLE #TableA