Actually it depends on the usage.

Table Variable: It can be used as long as you capture/store less records ie in 100s or <1000 records. It also usefull if you don't need to search any record in the Table variable or not joined with any other table(s). TV data or TV structure is like local to the process / procedure

Case you have mentioned need to process large volume of data. Hence table variable is not the ideal solution. Still you want to use this TV ensure you are not doing any search operation / no join with other table(s) and every tousand records you are clearing this TV.

Temp Table and Normal Table: Both serve the purpose what you are looking for. The only diff is TEMP table's data is available in the current session or instance ONLY.

Hope this would give some idea